This course gives a  base for understanding of the processes in vivo. To form the student's basic concepts and knowledge of biochemistry necessary for successful teaching of biological sciences, to give the fundamental foundations of metabolic processes. To study the principles of regulation of metabolism. To teach practical skills of working in a biochemical laboratory. To explain the relationship between the structural features of organic substances and the functions they perform. To study pathological changes in the cell leading to disruption of metabolic processes. To identify the important role of fundamental knowledge in biochemistry in the interdisciplinary space.

The purpose of the discipline 'Human and Animal Physiology' is to acquire knowledge about the laws governing the functioning of the body and its individual parts. This includes understanding the principles of maintaining human health, exploring the mechanisms of adaptation in humans and animals to environmental conditions. The discipline also aims to prepare students for the study of other subjects in the professional and natural science cycles, contributing to the enhancement of their overall biological knowledge and expertise.

Objectives of the Discipline:

  1. Explore and analyze the principles of perception, transmission, and processing of information within the body.
  2. Foster students' skills in analyzing the functions of an integrated organism, considering the structure of inter-organ and intersystem relations from the perspective of integral physiology.
  3. Examine the mechanisms of nervous and humoral regulation, as well as genetic, molecular, and biochemical processes influencing the dynamics and interaction of physiological functions.
  4. Investigate the patterns of functioning of the major body systems in ontogenesis and evolution.
  5. Explore the mechanisms and patterns responsible for maintaining the constancy of the body's internal environment.
  6. Study methods and principles for assessing the state of regulatory and homeostatic systems in experimental settings.
  7. Introduce students to the fundamental principles of modeling physiological processes when studying visceral functions of the body.
  8. Instill a systematic approach among students for understanding the physiological mechanisms underpinning interactions with environmental factors, the nuances of intersystem interactions during purposeful activity, and the implementation of adaptive strategies in the human and animal body.

Results of Teaching the Discipline (Module):

The outcomes of this discipline/module serve as the foundation for the development of subsequent disciplines/modules and practices, including environmental physiology, comparative anatomy and physiology, physiology of sports, and age physiology.



The purpose of the course is to develop in students of the Biology Faculty an understanding of the possibility and necessity of integrating knowledge of clinical psychology methodology into research in the field of biology and medicine, as well as knowledge of biology into research in clinical psychology.

This course aims to introduce students to classical concepts and contemporary research in Clinical Psychology in Russia and other countries and the possibilities of using these achievements in modern interdisciplinary research in the field of Biology and Medicine. In the introductory part of the course, students will be introduced to the subject area of ​​clinical psychology. The theoretical problems and practical challenges of clinical psychology will be analyzed. The history of clinical psychology will be discussed. The course focuses on presenting the fundamental principles and topics of the main models and concepts of Clinical Psychology. It will examine classical and contemporary concepts of the Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral approaches to Clinical Psychology, Psychoanalysis, the Humanistic Clinical Psychological Tradition, the Cultural-Historical (Vygotsky-Luria-Zeigarnik scientific school), and the Biopsychosocial approach to understanding health and disease.

The main provisions of classical and modern research in the traumatic stress topic and Psychosomatic medicine will be analyzed.

The issues of assessing the professional health of specialists will also be discussed, in particular, the diagnosis of the presence of signs of professional burnout in working specialists.

Based on the analysis of the material covered, the need to adhere to the principles of the Biopsychosocial approach and the Cultural-Historical Concept for understanding health and disease when conducting interdisciplinary research in biology and medicine will be discussed.

This course is recommended for students of the Faculty of Biology.


  • Преподаватель: 慧 李

Molecular biology is the scientific self-discipline that seeks to completely recognize the molecular foundation of heredity, genetic variation, and the expression patterns of individual units of heredity referred to as genes. 

Molecular biologists find out about how biological traits are transferred from generation to another and look at how microorganism or viruses act at the molecular level. Molecular biologists identify microorganisms to better apprehend their relation to human, plant, and animal health. They look at these organisms in relation to genetics in order to recognize the inheritance and molecular groundwork of genetic disease. They also investigate how can these micro-organisms be involved in additive and antibiotics manufacturing. The effects of their lookup have produced breakthroughs in medical, agricultural, industrial, and different scientific fields. 

Many molecular biologists trust that a chain of molecules connects each of us with the first residing organisms that arose on the Earth billions of years ago. Therefore, human beings are all connected biologically in some way. interestingly, all people have character traits that distinguish them from one another. Molecular biologists’ habits research into the biochemical and physiological factors of heredity, mainly the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and elevate out molecular exams to resource in diagnosing disease.

Molecular biologists help scientists and physicians in the understanding, diagnosis, prevention and remedy of infections in animals and humans by using investigating how organisms cause ailment and their position in disease processes.

Molecular biologists use a range of specialized sophisticated methods such as PCR, NGS, GC-MS, HPLC, electrophoresis, fluorescence activated cell sorters and many bioinformatic tools.


The purpose of the course

The objectives of the discipline are to present and consolidate students' knowledge of plant physiology as an integral science of the vital activity of an intact plant organism – cells, organs, and functional systems. Selected methods of modern plant biotechnology are given in practical classes.

 

A brief description of the academic discipline

The discipline "Plant Physiology" is a presentation of the fundamentals of plant physiology as a science that studies the mechanisms, regulation and integration of complex physiological processes in plant systems at various levels of organization (from molecular to phytocenotic). Students gain modern insights into the structure and functioning of plant cells, respiration, photosynthesis, the physiological and biochemical role of the basic elements of mineral nutrition, plant water metabolism, growth and development processes, and mechanisms of resistance to adverse environmental factors. The course describes the molecular biological and genetic mechanisms of the physiological functions of plants: the structure and the organization of signal transduction pathways. The course includes description of plant resistance mechanisms to adverse abiotic and biotic environmental factors. Modern ideas about the biosynthesis and functioning of secondary metabolites and their role in the interaction of plants with the environment are given.

 

As a result of mastering the course, the student must:

Know basic concepts about the diversity of plant objects; principles of structure and fundamentals of plant functioning; be able to identify the components of a plant cell by their structure, description, and patterns; apply various physical laws to describe the processes occurring in biological systems; Apply the acquired knowledge in practice. Practical tasks are related to the production of plant cell cultures, the study of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, transient transformation of plants, approaches to obtaining stable lines of transformed plants, and the production of plant cell protoplasts.

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Lecture topics

Topic 1. Introduction to plant physiology. Plant cell.

Topic 2. Specificity of plant cell energy systems. Glycolysis, CTC.

Topic 3. The specificity of ETC respiration of a plant cell. Alternative breathing systems.

Topic 4. Photosynthesis. The light phase. ETC photosynthesis.

Topic 5. Photosynthesis. The dark phase. The regenerative pentose phosphate cycle.

Topic 6. C4, SAM and C2 photosynthesis.

Topic 7. Mineral nutrition of plants

Topic 8. Water in plants

Topic 9. Plant growth and development. Auxin

Topic 10. Plant growth and development. Plant hormones. Other plant hormones

Topic 11 Plant growth and development. Light signaling.

 

Grading:

 Exam Maximum percentage of 100 points (100%)

The structure of the final assessment (how many percentages / points of the final assessment are occupied by each of the student's types of work)

Course attendance is mandatory Exam 60% Practical classes along with the preparation of reports at seminars 40% Final assessment 60%+40%

How many classes can be skipped for no good reason? 0

 

 List of recommended literature 1. "Plant Physiology" edited by I.P.Ermakov. Moscow: Akademiya, 2007. 2. Kuznetsov, V.V. Physiology of plants in 2 volumes. Textbook for universities / V.V.Kuznetsov, G.A.Dmitrieva. — 4th ed., revised and add. Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2024. 437 p. (Higher education). — ISBN 978-5-534-01711-3. — Text : electronic // Yurayt educational platform [website]. — URL: https://urait.ru/bcode/535709 3. Theoretical materials and developments of practical tasks provided by the teacher